The history of imaging technology starts about a millennium ago with the emergence of the first eyeglasses in Europe. Since then, the entire optical imaging systems like microscopes, telescopes, cameras and others have all full apertures usually in a shape of a disc. The reason for that is obvious; any attempt to use only part of the full aperture reduces the image resolution and blur the details of the image, originally captured by systems with the full aperture. In the presentation I will talk about new three-dimensional imaging methods, in which the disk-shape apertures of optical systems are replaced by annular apertures and the conventional lenses are supported, or substituted, by unique scattering masks which are controlled by computers. Possible applications for this kind of imaging methods, ranging from space telescopes to a new generation of microscopes and endoscopes, will be discussed.

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